Poligami dalam Cengkeraman Regulasi: Dekonstruksi Relasi Fiqh dan Hukum Negara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69834/dn.v16i1.419Keywords:
polygamy, Fiqh, State lawAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pembatasan poligami dalam hukum negara Indonesia serta mendekonstruksi relasi fiqh dan hukum negara dalam pengaturan poligami. Masalah penelitian berangkat dari kenyataan bahwa poligami tetap dibolehkan secara terbatas dalam hukum nasional, tetapi pada saat yang sama terus menimbulkan persoalan hukum, ketidakpastian status, dan kerentanan bagi perempuan serta anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus, yang didukung analisis kualitatif-kritis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, data statistik resmi, serta literatur ilmiah terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum negara tidak melarang poligami secara mutlak, tetapi mengubahnya menjadi praktik yang tunduk pada rezim izin, pembuktian, dan kontrol yudisial. Namun, pembatasan tersebut belum sepenuhnya menyelesaikan persoalan substantif karena poligami tetap muncul sebagai faktor perceraian dan terus hidup sebagai kategori perkara dalam peradilan agama. Di sisi lain, relasi fiqh dan hukum negara tidak semata-mata bersifat harmonis, melainkan menunjukkan kontestasi otoritas antara legitimasi religius dan legalitas negara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa problem utama poligami di Indonesia tidak lagi terletak pada boleh atau tidaknya poligami, melainkan pada bagaimana negara, fiqh, dan prinsip keadilan substantif dinegosiasikan dalam sistem hukum keluarga Islam kontemporer.
This study examines the restriction of polygamy within Indonesian state law and deconstructs the relationship between fiqh and state law in the regulation of polygamy. The research problem arises from the fact that polygamy remains conditionally permitted in the national legal system while simultaneously generating legal disputes, uncertain marital status, and heightened vulnerability for women and children. This study employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by a qualitative-critical analysis of legislation, court decisions, official statistical data, and relevant academic literature. The findings reveal that state law does not absolutely prohibit polygamy; instead, it transforms polygamy into a legally controlled practice subject to judicial authorization, evidentiary requirements, and administrative supervision. Nevertheless, such restrictions have not fully resolved its substantive problems, as polygamy continues to appear as a factor in divorce cases and remains a recurring category in religious court litigation. Furthermore, the relationship between fiqh and state law is not merely harmonious, but reflects an ongoing contestation of authority between religious legitimacy and state legality. The study concludes that the central issue of polygamy in Indonesia no longer lies in whether polygamy is permissible, but in how state law, fiqh, and substantive justice are negotiated within the contemporary Islamic family law system.
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